March is Endometriosis Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness about a condition that affects approximately 1 in 9 women worldwide. For many, endometriosis is a challenging and often misunderstood disease that can impact their physical, emotional, and social well-being. As a dietitian who specialises in pregnancy nutrition, I want to share important insights into endometriosis, how it affects women, and ways to manage it.

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus, called the endometrium, begins to grow outside of the uterus. This can happen on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, or other organs within the pelvic region. Each month, during the menstrual cycle, the tissue responds to hormonal changes by thickening, breaking down, and bleeding. However, because this tissue is trapped outside the uterus, it has nowhere to go, which can lead to inflammation, scarring, and adhesions.

How Does Endometriosis Affect Women?

The symptoms of endometriosis vary widely, with some women experiencing mild discomfort and others enduring debilitating pain. Common symptoms include:

  • Pelvic pain: Often associated with menstruation, but it can also occur at other times during the cycle.
  • Heavy periods: Prolonged or very painful menstruation is common.
  • Pain during intercourse: Many women with endometriosis report discomfort during or after sex.
  • Infertility: Endometriosis can lead to difficulty conceiving, affecting approximately 30–50% of women with the condition.
  • Bowel and urinary problems: Symptoms like diarrhea, constipation, or pain while urinating can occur, especially during menstruation.

Endometriosis is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, as many of these symptoms are mistaken for other conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As a result, women may go for years without receiving a proper diagnosis.

Impact on Women’s Health

Beyond the physical symptoms, endometriosis can take a toll on a woman’s mental and emotional health. Chronic pain, fertility struggles, and the uncertainty of diagnosis can lead to feelings of isolation, depression, and anxiety. Moreover, the condition can affect a woman’s ability to work, maintain social relationships, and perform everyday activities.

Managing endometriosis requires a holistic approach that includes medical treatments, lifestyle modifications, and emotional support. For women who are planning to get pregnant, it’s important to seek advice from a fertility specialist and a nutritionist who understands the impact of diet on reproductive health.

The Role of Nutrition in Managing Endometriosis

While there is no cure for endometriosis, certain dietary changes may help manage symptoms. As a nutritionist, I often recommend the following strategies:

  • Anti-inflammatory foods: Endometriosis is linked to inflammation in the body, so eating an anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats (like omega-3 fatty acids from fish) can help. Turmeric, ginger, and green tea are also known for their anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Balanced hormones: Hormonal imbalances play a role in endometriosis, so ensuring adequate intake of certain nutrients like magnesium, vitamin D, and B vitamins can support hormonal health.
  • Limit processed foods and sugars: Reducing the intake of refined sugars and processed foods can help reduce inflammation and maintain a healthy weight, which is important for managing endometriosis.
  • Fertility-friendly diet: For women with endometriosis who are trying to conceive, ensuring a nutrient-dense diet that supports reproductive health is key. This may include focusing on folate, iron, and zinc-rich foods.

Endometriosis is a complex condition that affects many women worldwide. Although there is no cure, women with endometriosis can take steps to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life through dietary changes, medical treatments, and support networks. During Endometriosis Awareness Month, let’s continue to raise awareness, offer support, and provide accurate information so that those affected can lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.

If you or someone you know is struggling with endometriosis, consider reaching out to a healthcare provider who can guide you on how to manage your symptoms effectively.